Understanding Hemicolectomy: What to Expect from Colon Surgery
- saurabhthedoc
- Aug 6
- 3 min read
Our colon plays a major role in our digestive system—but when parts of it become diseased or damaged due to conditions like colon cancer, diverticulitis, or Crohn's disease, surgery might become necessary. One such common surgical procedure is called a Hemicolectomy.
If you or your loved one has been recommended this surgery, don’t worry. In this blog, we’ll walk you through what a hemicolectomy is, why it’s done, how it’s performed, and what recovery looks like.
What Is a Hemicolectomy?
A hemicolectomy is a type of colon resection surgery. In this procedure, a portion of the large intestine (colon) is surgically removed. Depending on which side of the colon is affected, it is referred to as:
Right Hemicolectomy: Removes the ascending colon (right side).
Left Hemicolectomy: Removes the descending colon (left side).
Once the diseased section is removed, the surgeon connects the healthy parts of the colon back together, allowing for normal bowel function.
Why Is a Hemicolectomy Performed?
Your doctor may recommend a hemicolectomy if you’re suffering from any of the following conditions:
1. Colon Cancer
Hemicolectomy is a common treatment when cancer is located on either side of the colon. It helps stop the cancer from spreading.
2. Diverticulitis
This is an infection or inflammation of pouches in the colon wall, often requiring surgical removal if recurrent or severe.
3. Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis
When medications fail to manage these chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, a partial removal of the colon may be necessary.
4. Colon Polyps
Large, precancerous polyps that cannot be removed via colonoscopy may require surgical intervention.
5. Trauma or Injury
Any serious injury to the colon due to accidents or other surgeries might call for this procedure.
Types of Hemicolectomy Surgery
There are two main approaches to this procedure:
🔹 1. Open Hemicolectomy
A single large incision is made in the abdomen.
The affected part of the colon is removed manually.
More traditional but still used when laparoscopic surgery isn't possible.
🔹 2. Laparoscopic Hemicolectomy (Minimally Invasive)
Several small incisions are made.
A tiny camera and surgical tools are used to perform the surgery.
Benefits: Less pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery.
Duration of the Procedure
The surgery generally takes 2 to 4 hours, depending on complexity.
Performed under general anesthesia.
What Happens Before Surgery?
Medical Evaluation: Blood tests, imaging (CT scans), colonoscopy, and ECG.
Bowel Prep: You may need to take laxatives or an enema to clean out your colon before the surgery.
Fasting: No food or drink 8–12 hours prior to surgery.
Recovery After Hemicolectomy
🏨 Hospital Stay:
Typically 3 to 7 days.
IV fluids, pain management, and gradual reintroduction of food.
💪 At-Home Recovery:
Avoid heavy lifting for 4–6 weeks.
Light walking is encouraged to improve blood flow and prevent clots.
Watch for symptoms like fever, vomiting, or bleeding.
🍽 Diet After Surgery:
Start with liquids and soft foods.
Slowly transition to a high-fiber, balanced diet.
Stay hydrated.
Possible Risks or Complications
As with any surgery, hemicolectomy comes with some risks:
Infection at incision site
Leakage from where the colon is reconnected
Blood clots
Bowel obstruction or delayed return of bowel function
Reaction to anesthesia
However, these risks are minimized when the procedure is done by an experienced surgeon and followed by proper post-op care.
When to Call Your Doctor
After surgery, immediately contact your healthcare provider if you experience:
Severe abdominal pain
High fever
Persistent vomiting
No bowel movements or gas for several days
Redness or pus at the incision site
Life After Hemicolectomy: What to Expect
Most patients return to normal activities within 4–6 weeks.
You may notice changes in bowel habits, such as frequency or consistency.
If the surgery was due to cancer, follow-up chemotherapy or checkups may be required.
Final Thoughts
A hemicolectomy might sound intimidating, but it’s a life-saving and life-enhancing procedure for many. With early diagnosis, experienced surgical hands, and the right post-op care, most patients recover well and go on to live full and healthy lives.
Always trust your doctor’s advice, and don’t hesitate to ask questions before and after the procedure. Your digestive health is key to your overall well-being.
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