Chronic Pancreatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Modern Treatment Options

Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, digestive problems, and weight loss. Unlike acute pancreatitis, which happens suddenly and may resolve, chronic pancreatitis develops slowly and can permanently damage the pancreas.

In this blog, we’ll explain what chronic pancreatitis is, what causes it, common symptoms, and the latest treatment options available to help patients manage this condition effectively.

What Is Chronic Pancreatitis?

The pancreas is a small but important organ in the upper abdomen. It produces:

• Digestive enzymes – to break down food.

• Insulin and other hormones – to control blood sugar.

When the pancreas remains inflamed for months or years, the normal tissue is replaced by scar tissue. This is called chronic pancreatitis, and it prevents the pancreas from working properly.

Causes of Chronic Pancreatitis

Several factors can lead to chronic pancreatitis, including:

1. Long-term alcohol use – one of the most common causes.

2. Gallstones – can block the pancreatic duct and cause repeated inflammation.

3. Smoking – increases the risk of pancreatic damage.

4. Genetic conditions – such as hereditary pancreatitis.

5. High levels of calcium or fat in the blood – can harm the pancreas.

6. Autoimmune diseases – when the body’s own defense system attacks the pancreas.

7. Unknown causes (Idiopathic) – sometimes the exact reason is not clear.

Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis

The symptoms may vary but usually include:

• Severe abdominal pain (often in the upper abdomen, spreading to the back).

• Pain after meals (especially fatty food).

• Nausea and vomiting.

• Weight loss (due to poor digestion and reduced appetite).

• Diarrhea or oily stools (because food is not absorbed properly).

• Diabetes (if the pancreas loses its ability to produce insulin).

👉 If you have repeated stomach pain with weight loss or digestive issues, you should consult a gastro specialist.

Complications of Chronic Pancreatitis

If left untreated, chronic pancreatitis can lead to:

• Pancreatic duct blockage

• Pancreatic pseudocysts (fluid-filled sacs)

• Diabetes mellitus

• Malnutrition and weakness

• Increased risk of pancreatic cancer

Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis

Doctors may use different tests to diagnose chronic pancreatitis:

• Blood tests – to check pancreatic enzyme levels.

• CT scan or MRI – to see the pancreas clearly.

• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) – a detailed scan from inside the stomach.

• MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) – to check pancreatic and bile ducts.

Modern Treatment Options for Chronic Pancreatitis

1. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

• Stop alcohol completely.

• Quit smoking.

• Eat small, low-fat meals.

• Take vitamin and enzyme supplements if advised.

2. Medicines

• Pain relievers to manage abdominal pain.

• Pancreatic enzyme tablets to help with digestion.

• Insulin or diabetes medicines if blood sugar is affected.

3. Endoscopic Treatments

• Removal of stones from the pancreatic duct.

• Stent placement to open blocked ducts.

4. Surgery

For patients who don’t respond to medicines and endoscopic treatments, surgery may be required.

One of the most effective surgeries is Laparoscopic Lateral Pancreatojejunostomy (LPJ):

• A new pathway is created between the pancreatic duct and small intestine.

• This reduces pressure, relieves pain, and improves digestion.

• Since it’s laparoscopic (keyhole surgery), recovery is faster and scars are smaller.

Living With Chronic Pancreatitis

Although chronic pancreatitis cannot be completely reversed, patients can live a healthy life with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. Most patients notice:

• Reduced abdominal pain

• Better digestion with enzyme supplements or surgery

• Improved quality of life

• Fewer hospital visits

Cost of Treatment in India

• Medicines and endoscopic treatment – depends on condition.

• Laparoscopic LPJ surgery – ₹2,50,000 to ₹4,50,000 in India (varies by hospital and surgeon).

India offers world-class pancreatic care at a much lower cost compared to Western countries, making it a preferred destination for international patients.

Conclusion

Chronic pancreatitis is a serious but treatable condition. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle changes, patients can reduce pain, improve digestion, and lead a better life.

👉 If you or a loved one is struggling with repeated abdominal pain, weight loss, or pancreatic problems, consult an experienced gastro and laparoscopic surgeon to explore the best treatment options.